Ulcerative Colitis Surgery Options: Choosing the Right Path
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that causes ulcers and inflammation in the lining of the colon and rectum. It can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, bleeding, weight loss, and fatigue. For some people, ulcerative colitis can be managed with medication and lifestyle changes. But for others, surgery may be the only option to relieve their symptoms and improve their quality of life.
But what are the different types of surgery for ulcerative colitis? And how do you choose the right one for you? In this article, we’ll explore the pros and cons of each surgery option, and give you some tips on how to prepare for life after ulcerative colitis surgery.
Types of Surgery for Ulcerative Colitis
There are two main types of surgery for ulcerative colitis: colectomy and proctocolectomy. A colectomy is the removal of part or all of the colon. A proctocolectomy is the removal of both the colon and the rectum.
Depending on how much of the colon is removed, there are different ways to create an outlet for waste to leave the body. These include:
- Ileostomy: This is when the surgeon creates an opening in the abdomen and attaches the end of the small intestine (ileum) to it. The waste then passes through a pouch that is attached to the skin. This is a permanent procedure that requires wearing a pouch at all times.
- Ileoanal pouch: This is when the surgeon creates a pouch from the end of the small intestine and connects it to the anus. The waste then passes through the pouch and out of the body. This temporary procedure requires wearing a pouch for a few months until the pouch heals. Then, the pouch can be emptied by going to the bathroom normally.
- Continent ileostomy: This is when the surgeon creates a pouch from the end of the small intestine and connects it to an opening in the abdomen. The waste then collects in the pouch and can be drained by inserting a catheter through the opening. This permanent procedure does not require wearing a pouch but requires regular catheterization.
Benefits and Risks of each Surgery Option
Each surgery option has its benefits and risks. Here are some of them:
- Ileostomy: The benefit of this option is that it eliminates all symptoms of ulcerative colitis and reduces the risk of colon cancer. The risks include pouch leakage, skin irritation, infection, blockage, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalance.
- Ileoanal pouch: The benefit of this option is that it preserves some normal bowel function and appearance. The risks include pouch inflammation, infection, leakage, fistula, stricture, incontinence, and frequent bowel movements.
- Continent ileostomy: The benefit of this option is that it avoids wearing a pouch and allows more control over when to empty the pouch. The risks include pouch inflammation, infection, leakage, fistula, stricture, valve malfunction, catheter problems, and kidney stones.
How to Choose the Right Surgery Option
Choosing the right surgery option for you depends on several factors, such as:
- Your age
- Your overall health
- Your personal preferences
- Your lifestyle
- Your goals and expectations
You should discuss these factors with your doctor and surgeon before making a decision. They can help you weigh the pros and cons of each option and recommend the best one for you.
Preparing for Life after Ulcerative Colitis Surgery
Life after ulcerative colitis surgery can be challenging, but also rewarding. You may experience physical and emotional changes that require adjustment and support. Here are some tips on how to cope with life after ulcerative colitis surgery:
- Follow your doctor’s instructions on wound care, medication, diet, exercise, and follow-up visits.
- Seek help from a stoma nurse or an ostomy support group if you have an ileostomy or a continent ileostomy. They can teach you how to care for your stoma or valve, change your pouch or catheter, and deal with any problems or complications.
- Seek help from a gastroenterologist or a colorectal surgeon if you have an ileoanal pouch. They can monitor your pouch function, treat any complications, and advise you on managing your bowel movements.
- Eat a balanced diet that meets your nutritional needs and avoids foods that cause gas, odor, diarrhea, or blockage. Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated and prevent dehydration.
- Resume your normal activities gradually and as tolerated. Avoid lifting heavy objects or straining your abdominal muscles until your doctor says it’s safe.
- Seek counseling or join a support group if you feel depressed, anxious, or isolated after surgery. You are not alone in this journey. Many people have gone through the same thing and can offer you advice, encouragement, and friendship.
Conclusion
Ulcerative colitis surgery can be a life-changing decision that can improve your symptoms and quality of life. But it also comes with challenges and risks that require careful consideration and preparation. By learning about the different types of surgery, weighing the pros and cons, and seeking professional and personal support, you can choose the right path for you and cope with life after ulcerative colitis surgery.
For those concerned about the challenges they can also try natural methods to ease their ulcerative colitis symptoms. Always consult a health professional before starting any new treatment.
